上一篇:Vulkan填坑学习Day03—创建Vulkan实例
Vulkan物理设备与队列 ,通过VkInstance初始化Vulkan后,我们需要在系统中查找并选择一个支持我们所需功能的显卡。实际上,我们可以选择任意数量的显卡并同时使用他们,但在本小节中,我们简单的设定选择规则,即将查找到的第一个图形卡作为我们适合的物理设备。
一、选择物理设备
通过VkInstance初始化Vulkan后,我们需要在系统中查找并选择一个支持我们所需功能的显卡。实际上,我们可以选择任意数量的显卡并同时使用他们,但在本小节中,我们简单的设定选择规则,即将查找到的第一个图形卡作为我们适合的物理设备。
我们添加函数pickPhysicalDevice并在initVulkan函数中调用。
void initVulkan() { createInstance(); setupDebugCallback(); pickPhysicalDevice(); } void pickPhysicalDevice() { }
最终我们选择的图形显卡存储在类成员VkPhysicalDevice句柄中。当VkInstance销毁时,这个对象将会被隐式销毁,所以我们并不需要在cleanup函数中做任何操作。
VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
关于获取图形卡列表的方式与获得扩展列表的方式类似。
uint32_t deviceCount = 0; vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
如果Vulkan支持的设备数为0,那么没有任何意义进行下一步,我们选择抛出异常。
if (deviceCount == 0) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!"); }
否则我们分配数组存储所有VkPhysicalDevice的句柄。
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount); vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
现在我们需要对它们进行评估,检查它们是否适合我们要执行的操作,因为并不是所有的显卡功能一致。为此我们添加一个新的函数:
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { return true; }
我们将检查是否有任何物理设备符合我们的功能需求。
for (const auto& device : devices) { if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) { physicalDevice = device; break; } } if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!"); }
下一步我们介绍isDeviceSuitable函数,并检查第一个需要满足的功能。在后续的小节中,我们将开始使用更多的Vulkan功能,我们会扩展此功能函数以满足更多的检查条件。
二、设备需求检测
评估合适的设备我们可以通过遍历一些细节来完成。基本的设备属性像name, type以及Vulkan版本都可以通过vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties来遍历得到。
VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties; vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);
可以使用vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures查询对纹理压缩,64位浮点数和多视图渲染(VR非常有用)等可选功能的支持:
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures; vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures);
更多遍历物理设备细节的信息,诸如设备内存、队列簇我们将会在后续小节讨论。
例如,我们假设我们的应用程序仅适用于支持geometry shaders的专用显卡。那么isDeviceSuitable函数将如下所示:
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties; VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures; vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties); vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures); return deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU && deviceFeatures.geometryShader; }
为了避免纯粹的单一的判断一个设备是否合适,尤其是当你发现多个设备都合适的条件下,你也可以给每一个设备做权值,选择最高的一个。这样,可以通过给予更高权值获取定制化的图形设备,但如果没有一个可用的设备,可以回滚到集成图形设备。你可以按照如下方式实现:
#include <map> ... void pickPhysicalDevice() { ... // Use an ordered map to automatically sort candidates by increasing score std::multimap<int, VkPhysicalDevice> candidates; for (const auto& device : devices) { int score = rateDeviceSuitability(device); candidates.insert(std::make_pair(score, device)); } // Check if the best candidate is suitable at all if (candidates.rbegin()->first > 0) { physicalDevice = candidates.rbegin()->second; } else { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!"); } } int rateDeviceSuitability(VkPhysicalDevice device) { ... int score = 0; // Discrete GPUs have a significant performance advantage if (deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) { score += 1000; } // Maximum possible size of textures affects graphics quality score += deviceProperties.limits.maxImageDimension2D; // Application can't function without geometry shaders if (!deviceFeatures.geometryShader) { return 0; } return score; }
我们不需要在小节内实现所有内容,但我们可以了解如何选择图形设备的过程。当然,我们也可以显示图形设备的名称列表,让用户选择。
因为我们刚刚开始,Vulkan的支持是我们唯一需要的,在这里假设任何GPU都可以:
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { return true; }
在下一小节中,我们将会讨论第一个真正需要检查的设备功能。
三、队列族
之前已经简要的介绍过,几乎所有的Vulkan操作,从绘图到上传纹理,都需要将命令提交到队列中。有不同类型的队列来源于不同的队列簇,每个队列簇只允许部分commands。例如,可以有一个队列簇,只允许处理计算commands或者只允许内存传输commands:
我们需要检测设备中支持的队列簇,其中哪一个队列簇支持我们想要的commands。为此我们添加一个新的函数findQueueFamilies来查找我们需要的队列簇。现在我们只会寻找一个支持图形commands队列簇,但是我们可以在稍后的小节中扩展更多的内容。
此函数返回满足某个属性的队列簇索引。定义结构体,其中索引-1表示”未找到”:
struct QueueFamilyIndices { int graphicsFamily = -1; bool isComplete() { return graphicsFamily >= 0; } };
现在我们实现findQueueFamilies函数:
QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices; ... return indices; }
获取队列簇的列表函数为vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties:
uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0; vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr); std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount); vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
有关队列簇,结构体VkQueueFamilyProperties包含了具体信息,包括支持的操作类型和基于当前队列簇可以创建的有效队列数。我们至少需要找到一个支持VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT的队列簇
int i = 0; for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) { if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) { indices.graphicsFamily = i; } if (indices.isComplete()) { break; } i++; }
现在我们有了比较理想的队列簇查询功能,我们可以在isDeviceSuitable函数中使用,确保物理设备可以处理我们需要的命令:
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device); return indices.isComplete(); }
至此,我们已经找到了我们需要的物理设备,在部分我们会讨论逻辑设备。
附:源代码
//physical_device_selection.cpp #define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <vector> #include <cstring> #include <cstdlib> //#include <optional> const int WIDTH = 800; const int HEIGHT = 600; const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = { "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation" }; #ifdef NDEBUG const bool enableValidationLayers = false; #else const bool enableValidationLayers = true; #endif VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) { auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"); if (func != nullptr) { return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger); } else { return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT; } } void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) { auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"); if (func != nullptr) { func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator); } } //struct QueueFamilyIndices { // std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily; // bool isComplete() { // return graphicsFamily.has_value(); // } //}; struct QueueFamilyIndices { int graphicsFamily = -1; bool isComplete() { return graphicsFamily >= 0; } }; class HelloTriangleApplication { public: void run() { initWindow(); initVulkan(); mainLoop(); cleanup(); } private: GLFWwindow* window; VkInstance instance; VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger; VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE; void initWindow() { glfwInit(); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE); window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr); } void initVulkan() { createInstance(); setupDebugMessenger(); pickPhysicalDevice(); } void mainLoop() { while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glfwPollEvents(); } } void cleanup() { if (enableValidationLayers) { DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr); } vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr); glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); } void createInstance() { if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) { throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!"); } VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {}; appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO; appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle"; appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0); appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine"; appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0); appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0; VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO; createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo; auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions(); createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size()); createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(); VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo; if (enableValidationLayers) { createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size()); createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data(); populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo); createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*)&debugCreateInfo; } else { createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0; createInfo.pNext = nullptr; } if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!"); } } void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& createInfo) { createInfo = {}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT; createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT; createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT; createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback; } void setupDebugMessenger() { if (!enableValidationLayers) return; VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo; populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo); if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!"); } } void pickPhysicalDevice() { uint32_t deviceCount = 0; vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr); if (deviceCount == 0) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!"); } std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount); vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data()); for (const auto& device : devices) { if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) { physicalDevice = device; break; } } if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!"); } } bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device); return indices.isComplete(); } QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices; uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0; vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr); std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount); vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data()); int i = 0; for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) { if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) { indices.graphicsFamily = i; } if (indices.isComplete()) { break; } i++; } return indices; } std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() { uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0; const char** glfwExtensions; glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount); std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount); if (enableValidationLayers) { extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME); } return extensions; } bool checkValidationLayerSupport() { uint32_t layerCount; vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr); std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount); vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data()); for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) { bool layerFound = false; for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) { if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) { layerFound = true; break; } } if (!layerFound) { return false; } } return true; } static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) { std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl; return VK_FALSE; } }; int main() { HelloTriangleApplication app; try { app.run(); } catch (const std::exception& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35312463/article/details/103846787